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Sep 2022 DOI 10.14302/issn.2641-4538.jphi-22-4238
Bavbek SevimCorresponding author
Department of Chest Disease, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Ankara University, School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
The safety of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 inhibitors has been tested in patients who had cross-reactive hypersensitivity reactions (HSRs) to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). However, these studies have been mainly done before the current classification of NSAID hypersensitivity and cross-reaction between COX-2 inhibitors has been rarely reported.We aimed to assess tolerability of COX-2 inhibitors and to evaluate the cross-reactivity between them in cross-reactive phenotype of NSAID hypersensitivity. The diagnosis was based on clinical features, reliable history of HSRs to at least two chemically different NSAIDs, and/or positive provocation tests with implicated NSAIDs in 151 patients. Single-blind, oral challenges with 1/4 and 3/4 divided doses of placebo, nimesulide, meloxicam, and celecoxib, as COX-2 inhibitors, were performed. The most common cross-reactive phenotype was NSAID-induced urticaria/angioedema (56.3%). Positive reactions to meloxicam, nimesulide, and celecoxib challenges were observed in 23/140 (16.4%), 7/33 (21.2%), and none of six patients, respectively. Overall, 24 patients were tested with two, one was tested with three COX-2 inhibitors. Six (31.6%) of 19 patients with meloxicam intolerance reacted to nimesulide provocation. Nimesulide, meloxicam, and celecoxib appeared safe alternatives in cross-reactive phenotypes of NSAID hypersensitivity. Although celecoxib has the most favorable tolerability, cross-reactivity among COX-2 inhibitors seems to be possible.
Feb 2020 DOI 10.14302/issn.2577-2279.ijha-20-3180
Umeaku UgochukwuCorresponding author
Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
Background Colon cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer death world-wide. There is a steady increase in incidence over the past four decades in developing countries. This has been partly attributed to increasingly low intake of vegetables among other causes. Aims Therefore this study aims to evaluate the protective effect of aqueous extract of Ocimumgratissimum (OG) leaves (a staple vegetable) on experimental model of colon carcinogenesis induced with 1, 2 Dimethylhydrazine (DMH). This is compared with celecoxib (a cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor) which is used in the chemoprevention of colon cancer. Methods Sixty adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups: A to F, n=10. Group A was the normal control, Group B was given only DMH weekly for 16 weeks,Groups C, D and E were given graded doses of OG for two weeks prior to cancer induction by DMH. After which both OG and DMH were given for 16weeks. Group F received celecoxib daily for two weeks prior to cancer induction. Colonic wall was analysed grossly, histologically and biochemically. The induced lesions were staged investigated and staged using Duke’s Staging method. Results The result showed tumour incidence in groups B and C while no evidence of primary colonic tumour was observed in groups A, D, E and F. There was a dose dependent increase in the goblet cell count in the groups treated with OG with group E being statistically higher than group F. There was a significant reduction in collagen staining intensity (F = 129.74, p < 0.0001) for the colonic wall in group B when compared to other groups. There was a decreased nucleo-cytoplasmic ratio in groups C, D, E and F when compared to group B. There was a significant increase in the concentration of nitric oxide and prostaglandin E2in group B when compared to other groups D, E and F. Conclusion In conclusion, this research showed a protective effect of Ocimumgratissimum leaves on 1, 2-dimethylhydrazine-induced colon cancer which further corroborated its ethno-medicinal use.
Aug 2017 DOI 10.14302/issn.2688-5328.ijp-17-1600
Zlatanova HristinaCorresponding author
Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University Plovdiv, 15 A Vassil Aprilov blvd., 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
The objective of our study was to evaluate the analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity, as well as possible organ toxicity of 2-3-3-methyl-pentanoic acid (compound 3d), a newly synthesized pyrrolic derivative, structurally similar to Celecoxib. Antinociception was assessed using animal pain models with thermal and chemical stimuli (paw withdrawal, tail-flick and formalin test). Anti-inflammatory activity was measured using the carrageenan-induced paw edema model. Blood samples were collected from the animals to study possible organ toxicity. All experiments were performed on male Wistar rats. The results in our study show that in experimental conditions 2-3-3-methyl-pentanoic acid has analgesic action against thermal and chemical stimuli. This effect is registered after both single and multiple administration of the compound. In the carrageenan model after single administration compound 3d did not inhibit formation of paw edema. After multiple administration all doses of compound 3d significantly suppressed paw edema at second, third and fourth hours. Hematological tests showed that compound 3d did not affect red blood cells and platelets but decreased white blood cell levels and the highest used dose decreased hemoglobin as well. Compound 3d decreased blood sugar levels and liver transaminases, compared to the control. Compound 3d did not affect creatinine levels but the smallest dose used lowered blood urea. We concluded antinociception in the tested compound is most likely mediated by supraspinal, spinal and peripheral mechanisms. Possible tolerance develops towards the analgesic action on spinal level after continuous administration. Anti-inflammatory activity, though significant, is probably not the leading cause for antinociception.