Research Topic · Peer-Reviewed

Types of Vaccines

Types of vaccines refer to the principal categories of immunizing preparations classified by how the antigen is presented to the immune system to induce protective, lasting immunity. Major platforms include live attenuated vaccines, which use weakened pathogens; inactivated vaccines, containing killed organisms; sub…

Curated from this journal's research 📚 6 peer-reviewed articles cited Cited 18× across the literature 🔖 ISSN 2577-137X 🗓 Reviewed July 2026

Overview

Types of vaccines refer to the principal categories of immunizing preparations classified by how the antigen is presented to the immune system to induce protective, lasting immunity. Major platforms include live attenuated vaccines, which use weakened pathogens; inactivated vaccines, containing killed organisms; subunit, recombinant, polysaccharide, and conjugate vaccines, which present purified antigenic components; toxoid vaccines against bacterial toxins; and nucleic-acid and viral-vector vaccines, which deliver genetic instructions for the host to produce antigen. Each platform differs in immunogenicity, the need for adjuvants or boosters, stability, and suitability for particular pathogens and populations, and the choice shapes vaccination strategy and program delivery. Research relevant to this topic addresses both vaccine application and the determinants of uptake. Program delivery is illustrated by a high-volume, user-friendly Immunization clinic model for urban hospitals. Vaccine acceptance and hesitancy are examined through predictors of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and uptake among populations and healthcare workers, and through analyses of vaccine hesitancy as a significant public-health challenge, underscoring that effective Immunization depends on confidence as well as available products. Disease-specific and veterinary contexts, including studies of foot-and-mouth disease virus in cattle, highlight the breadth of Immunization across human and animal health. Spanning immunology, vaccinology, and public health, the study of vaccine types links the biological design of immunizing agents to their real-world deployment and population protection.

Research published in this journal

6 peer-reviewed articles, ranked by relevance. Each links to its DOI.

How this research is being cited

The 6 articles above have been cited 18 times in the scholarly literature. Citation data via OpenAlex and Crossref, updated Jun 2026.

A sample of recent works citing this journal's research on Types of Vaccines, linking to each citing work.

Editorial oversight

Curated from peer-reviewed research published in Immunization (ISSN 2577-137X).

Journal editorial board
Giuseppe Murdaca · Italy Harunor Rashid · Australia Ming Tan · United States

This page summarises published research for orientation; it is not medical or professional advice.